This task will produce a comparative analysis of current societal trends and associated dynamics in forms, depth, and effects of participation and engagement, attitudes to democracy, and political trust in selected European countries. The assessment will be based on secondary data analysis of existing cross-country surveys, with a focus on the most recent data provided by the European Social Survey. 

Findings will shed light on citizens’ attitudes toward representative democracy, democratic inclusion, civic participation/engagement, digital tools of participation, and the complementarity of these concepts.

The analysis will have a specific focus on inequalities shaping differences in attitudes and participation, considering especially ethnicity, gender, intersectionality, and age/education/income-related (digital) divides.